What is stereo?




There are now two system of high fidelity, monophonic (monaural) and stereophonic. Monophonic is a system that starts from one microphone and is fed through a single high fidelity set. Stereophonic is a double system. Two separate microphones are placed at different sides of the orchestra and two different systems are used to keep the two signals or channels separated. Two separate speakers are used, placed on different sides of you room. Stereo is much like 3-D photography, two slightly different sound reach your ears giving you a new dimension in sound.




H.H. Scott '59





Akai CR-80D 8-track tape deck

8-Track Stereo Cartridge Tape Deck with a One-Micron GAP head

Outstanding Features

One-micron Gap head for extra wide Frequency Response

Fast Forward

Solid State pre-amplifier with 2 ICs

Universal Voltage Selector

DIN Jack and Stereo headphone Jack

Recording indicator lamp

Two VU meters

Automatic Stop control

Optional Two matching high compliance speakers

 

Akai's one-micron gap head is responsible for an amazingly important difference in tape recording. It's the difference between ordinary performance and the highest possible quality perfection.

Just what is a one-micron gap head? It's a head with a width of only one astounding micron. Until now two or four micron gap heads have been the standards for comparing tape recorders. However, Akai has pushed ahead and narrowed the head gap; thus narrowing the difference between tape recording results and actual sound.

The Akai perfected one-micron gap head has these distinctive advantages over heads with wider gaps:

Excellent frequency response even at low tape speed

Clesr, high pitched sound can be regenerated as a frequency tone and recorded smoothly with a minimum of distortion

 

8 -track Cartridge recording System

Model Capture Ratio-80D employs the 8-track stereo system. The tape has a total of 8 tracks, two of which are used at a time for stereo recording or playback. There are four choices of channels. At the end of the tape, the next channel is automatically positioned for recording or playback. Recording or playback time for one channel is 15 minutes (one continuous hour on 4 channels using a 300 ft. Tape). Desired channel can easily be selected by operating the Cartridge Program Selector Button.

 


Specifications

Tape Speed: 3-3/4 ips

Wow and Flutter:  less than 0,25% rms

Frequency Response:  50 to 16,000 Hz ±3 dB

Signal-to-Noise Ratio:  better than 47 dB

Input Level

Microphone jack :  better than 0,5 mV

Line Jack :  better than 50 mV

Output Level:  0 VU (1,23 V rms)

Equalization:  Correct equalization for playback of tape recorded to the NAB curve

Recording Bias Frequency:  65 kHz

Recording Level Indicator:  Two VU Meters

Recording System:  8 Track Stereo

Heads:  Rec/Playback and Erase heads

Fasy Forward Time:  230 sec. 300 ft. Cartridge tape

Recording Capacity: one hour stereo with 300 ft. Cartridge tape

Motor:  two-speed induction motor

Semiconductors:  12 Transistors; 2 ICs; 12 Diodes

Voltage:  AC 100V to 240 V , 50/60 Hz (6 voltage selections)

Power Consumption:  60 W

Dimensions345 x 250 x 135 mm (12-1/2" x 10" x 5-1/2")

Weight:  7,9 kg (17,4 lbs)


 

Akai CS-50D cassette tape deck

Super Cassette Stereo Tape Deck

Akai has done it again. The CS-50 with "Invert-O-Matic" is the first Cassette Tape Deck in the world capable of Reverse Recording and Playback

Outstanding Features

Automatic and manual reverse "invert-O-Matic"

Automatic Stop/Automatic Shut-Off (cuts off power of unit)

Continue Reverse

Push Button Control Panel (Record, rewind, Stop, Play, Fast Forward)

Slide Type Volume Controls

"See through" window for determining tape position

Two Integrated Circuits (IC)

Two VU Meters

Index Counter with Reset Button

Universal Voltage Selector and Cycle Conversion Switches

Microphone, DIN, stereo headphone jacks and Line input and output Pin jacks

 


Invert-O-Matic

Akai engineers have investigated and developed ways of perfecting all of the weak points in cassette recording and playback. These improvements made from every angle have been concentrated in the most "up-to-date design" to bring you the World's First top rate performance Akai Cassette Invert-O-Matic Tape Deck

The Invert-O-Matic is an epoch-making automatic reversing system. By the mere pressing of a button, the cassette will reverse itself automatically inside the tape deck. This system will not only do away with the trouble of setting the cassette by hand in future, but the new tape movement mechanism is simplified and because of the stability mechanism and high performance, this new device produces amazingly true hi-fi sound.

By depressing the Auto Button during playback, continuous revers is actuated (at the end of the tape, the cassette will automatically invert and playback will continue for as long as is desired). When the Manual Revers Button is depressed, instant manual reverse is effected.

Akai is the World's First to succeed in developing automatic and manual reverse applicable during recording. With this new mechanism, a C--120 cassette tape will accommodate two hours of uninterrupted recording.

 

A Wonderful Combination

The CS-50D employs the very simplest and easiest loading method. Just insert cassette into slot provided. For removal of cassette, simply press the Cassette Eject Button

The CS-50D employs a 4-Track Stereo recording and Playback System.

For playback, and external power amplifier and a pair of hi-fi speakers are required Akai Models AA-6300 amplifier and SW-125 speakers, are highly recommended.

 


Specifications

Tape Speed:  1-7/8 ips

Tape Speed Deviation:  within ±2%

Wow and Flutter:  less than 0,2% rms

Frequency Response:  30 - 16,000 Hz (±3 dB)

Signal-to-Noise Ratio:  better than 45 dB RMS

Distortion:  within 2% (1,000 Hz "0" VU rec)

Erase ratio:  less than -70 dB

Recorder Bias Frequency:  100 kHz

Recording level Indicator:  2 VU meters

Recording/Playback Head:

Type :  In-Line 4-track Stereo

Impedance:  1,100  at 1 kHz

Erase head: 

Type :  In-Line 4-track Stereo

Impedance:  730  at 100 kHz

Recording System:  AC Bias system

F.F wd and rewind Time:  75 sec. C-60 cassette type

Line Output Level:  1,3 V ("0" VU) for tape recorded at "0" VU

Line Output Impedance:  10 k

DIN Output Level:  0,4 V

Stereo Headphone Impedance:  8

Line Input Impedance:  220 k

DIN Input Level/Impedance:  3 mV/ 25 k

Mic Input Level/Impedance:  0,2 mV/4,7 k

Monitor System:  Stereo Headphones

Recording Capacity:  2 hrs. Stereo recording using C-120 cassette tape

Motor:  Outer-rotor synchronous motor

Semiconductors:  11 Silicon Transistors; 8 Diodes; 2 ICs

Power Requirements:  100 V to 240 V AC 50/60 Hz

Power Consumption:  25 W

Dimensions (W x H x D):  375 x 160 x 287 mm(15" x 6-1/4" x 11-1/4")

Weight:  7,84 kg (15,8 lbs)


 

Kenwood KX-1030 cassette deck

Most advanced technology of cassette deck design

The KX-1030 achieves electrical and performance characteristics equal to , or better than those of any cassette deck available today at any price. The extraordinary performance of this cassette deck is a direct result of the many years of research and development of dedicated Kenwood engineers, and their desire to achieve a level of performance that goes far beyond the state-of-the-art..

Consider just one performance feature of the KX-1030. there exist a number of cassette decks which incorporate "three-head" design for the purpose of monitoring recordings directly from the tape as they are being made. The KX-1030 provides for such instant playback of recordings, but Kenwood engineers have incorporated independent record and playback heads for this purpose, thereby achieving a performance level not possible with dual-purpose combination record/playback heads. As a result, the KX-1030 provides extended frequency response, wider dynamic range and higher saturation levels - performance qualities that are indispensable for high quality tape reproduction.

 

Flat Drive Belt - the key to further improvement in woa and flutter

The drive system used to transfer rotational energy from the motor to the flywheel can be used to further reduce undesirable wow-and-flutter. A round cross-sectional type of belt, such as that used in most cassette decks, does not provide sufficient contact surface to be used in a precision cassette deck such as the KX-1030. in order to reduce slippage and vibration caused by the subtle, irregular motion that takes place between the flywheel and the drive belt, Kenwood engineers elected to use a flat belt having a width of 5 millimeters. This belt not only reduces slippage because of its large contact surface, but also absorbs vibration caused by the irregular motion inherent in the remainder of the drive system.

Unlike flywheels with V-grooves gouged into their surfaces, the flat, polished surface of the flywheel used in the KX-1030 provides exact concentricity required for precise rotation. Such accurate roundness is difficult if not impossible to achieve with conventional V-grooved flywheels.

 


Vertical Tape Trasport using Independent Belt Drive System

In most cassette decks employing a single-motor drive, one belt is used to drive the tape as well as the take-up reel. In such systems, so long as there is no tape on the take-up reel side, the capstan drive system operates without interruption. However, as tape accumulates on the take-up side, irregularities or "bumps" in the action of the take-up reel may affect the operation of the capstan drive.

In order to reduce wow created by such vibration, Kenwood engineers decided to incorporate two separate belts; one solely for driving the capstan; the other for driving the take-up reel. As a result of this two-belt system, the KX-1030 provides low wow-and-flutter as well as accurate and stable rotation of the capstan, regardless of tape accumulation on the take-up reel of the cassette.

 

Capstan Roundness Accuracy

The capstan used in Kenwood's KX-1030 is machined to the critical roudness tolerance of 0,1 microns, thus reducing another important cause of wow-and-flutter. The capstan roundness chart , indicates clearly the degree of roundness achieved in Kenwood capstans.

Capstan accuracy must be maintained indefinitely, and not only when the cassette deck leaves the factory. In order to maintain this built-in accuracy, Kenwood engineers have incorporated a triangular capstan support system. This three-point support (as opposed to single or dual-support systems used by other manufacturers) can withstand shock from any direction without affecting the mechanical stability of the capstan system. Thus, long term reliability and low wow-and-flutter performance are assured through many years of continued use.

 

High Power, High Torque DC Servo Motor

While the use of a large flywheel in a cassette deck's transport system contributes significantly to stable and accurate rotation of that drive system, driving such a heavy flywheel requires a motor with high rotational torque. Kenwood engineers have incorporated a motor with a rotational torque of 50 gram centimeters in the KX-1030 - compared with approximately 20 gram centimeters of torque provided by the motors used in many other cassette decks. Another important feature of this well designed DC servo motor is that a sudden increase in load (often encountered in cassette drive systems when less-than-perfect cassette tape housing are used) has a negligible effect upon the stability of the tape drive system.

 


Specifications

Type:  Front Loading Stereo Cassette Deck with Dolny System

Track:  4-track 2-channel Stereo/Mono Recording/Playback

Recording System:  AC Bias System (Bias Frequency: 85 kHz)

Erasing System:  Ac System

Tape Speeds:  4,76 cm/sec (1-7/8 ips)

Heads:  Three Ferrite Heads

Recording and Playback Dual Combination Head x 1

Erasing Head x 1

Motor:  Electronically Controlled DC Motor

Fast Winding Time:  Approx. 80 sec. C-60 tape

Frequency Response

Normal Tape :  25 Hz to 17,000 Hz (35 Hz - 15,000 Hz ±3 dB)

CrO₂ Tape :  25 Hz to 20,000 Hz (35 Hz - 18,000 Hz ±3 dB)

Ferri-CrO₂ Tape :  25 Hz to 19,000 Hz (35 Hz - 17,000 Hz ±3 dB)

Signal-to-Noise Ratio

Dolby On (over 5 kHz):  65 dB (Normal Tape ):  67 dB (CrO₂ tape)

Dolby Off :  55 dB (Normal tape); 57 dB (CrO₂ tape)

Total Harmonic Distortion:  less than 1,3% (at 1 kHz, 0VU with Normal tape)

Wow and Flutter:  0,06% (WRMS)

Input Sensitivity/Impedance

Line x 2 :  77,5 mV/56 k  ( or 0,1 mV/1,0 k  )

DIN x 1 :  10,9 mV/1,5 k

Microphones x 2 :  0,19 mV/10 k

Output Level/Load Impedance

Line x 2 :  775 mV (0VU) / 2,0 k

DIN x 1 :  775 mV (0VU) / 2,0 k

Headphones x 1 :  48,9 mV / 8  - 16

Power Requirements:  AC 120 V 60 Hz (USA, Canada); AC 220 V , 50 Hz (Australia); AC 240 V, 50 Hz (UK )

Power Consumption:  13,0 watts

Dimensions (W x H x D):  430 x 167 x 332 mm (16-15/16"x 6-9/16"x13-1/16")

Weight:  7,5 kg (16,5 lbs)


 

Denon DR-M4 cassette deck

Computer Servo - The heart of the deck

It's a heart you can trust. Head position, hub rotation, timing, and so forth are all in the firm control of the computer. The tape is surely but gently transported, smoothly and silently, without unwanted mechanical noise. Quiet and reliable tape transport to deliver the full benefits of the 3-head design, that's Denon's essence of high technology.

A Transport to bring out the best in 3-head performance

To the silent mechanism add rotational accuracy at the limits of perfection. Reduce the slip between the pinch-roller and capstan. Improve tape tension stability while attaining ultra-smooth tape drive performance. Make the capstan motor direct drive, and give it a high-precision capstan shaft. Put it all together and it's a tape transport mechanism good enough to be called Denon.

 

Exclusive 2-Capstan System with Non-elastic Belt

Employment of the 2-capstan system of interposing heads between capstans has suppressed most of the non-uniformity of tape tension that may be caused by the supply side of the tape deck, and of tape vibration, assuring better head-to-tape contact and less level fluctuation. Consequently, modulation noise is reduced, and very clear sound quality is obtained. Moreover, because the 2 capstans are driven through a non-elastic belt.

 

Other features:

Direct Drive Servo Motor non-slip Reel Drive Design

SF Combination head for Super Frequency Response

Electronic "Sound Freshness" Preserver

Using Denon's Quartz DD motor for capstan driving

Memory stop function linked to the tape counter

Automatic music search system

 


Specifications

Type:  4-track, 2-channel , stereo cassette deck

Heads

Record/Playback :  SF combination head

Erase :  Double gap ferrite head

Motors

2 x DC motor

1 x Denon quartz, DD FG servo motor  for capstan

Wow and flutter:  0,027% WRMS

Fast Forward Time:  approx less than 90 sec (C-60)

Frequency Response :  20 Hz - 23 kHz (Metal tape)

Signal-to-Noise Ratio :  better than 73 dB (Dolby CNR on 3% T.H.D. by CCIR/ARM)

Input

Microphone :  0,35 mV (10 k )

Line :  77,5 mV (50 k )

Output

Line :  775 mV (10 k  load)

Headphones :  1,2 mW (8  load)

Power Requirements: 110 - 240 V 50,60 Hz

Power Consumption:  22 W

Dimensions (W x H x D):  434 x 115 x 286 mm

Weight:  6,0 kg


 

Akai CR-83D 8-track tape deck

Cartridge Stereo Tape Deck

Stop mode selector facilitates automatic stop or continuous play - Set for continuous play or effect automatic stop after each channel or after the entire tape has been recorded or played back. Automatic Stop Indicator Lamp.

Elapsed time counter with reset button for easy tape counting - Facilitates easy tape counting and enables the operator to determine how much time remains on a given channel. Permits efficient utilization of the entire tape.

Head cleaning minimized with dust-free head - The combination Rec-Power Bandwidth/Erase head employed in the Capture Ratio-83D is coated with a special metallic substance for a super smooth finish to which dust will not adhere. Thus, head cleaning is minimized and longer head life assured.

Fast forward function - As an added convenience, this model features  Fast Forward for rapid selection of tape programs.

 


Pause control - A Pause Key enables temporary suspension of tape travel during operating modes. Especially convenient for tape editing and for fine adjustment of recording level prior to effecting recording mode.

Manual program elector and channel indicator lamps - Change channels at will with a manual Program Selector. Channel Indicator Lamps show which channel is being used.

Recording safety feature - To prevent inadvertent recording by mistake, the Rec Key cannot be depressed while a tape is set. Recording mode can be effected only by simultaneously depressing the Rec Key and loading a tape. Recording Indicator Lamp.

Microphone and line input jacks - Recording can be accomplished from line or microphone input jacks

Expanded VU meter scales -  Expanded VU Meter Scales enable the operator to more accurately determine recording and playback levels.

Headphone Jack - Facilitates monitoring or private headphone listening.

 


Specifications

Track System:  8-track 2-channel stereo system

Tape Speed:  3-3/4 ips

Wow and Flutter:  less than 0,15% WRMS

Frequency Response:  60 Hz to 14,000 Hz (±3 dB) using Low Noise tape

Distortion:  less than 2% (1,000 Hz "0" VU)

Signal-to-Noise Ratio:  better than 48 dB (measured via tape with peak recording level of +6 VU)

Bias Frequency:  85 kHz

Head: Combination Rec-Power Bandwidth / Erase Head

Motor:  DC Motor

Fast Fwd. Time:  4 min, using a 200 ft tape

Output Jacks

Line :  0,775 V ("0" VU) / Required load impedance more than 20 k

Phone :  30 mV/8

Input Jacks

Microphone :  0,7 mV / 680 k

Semiconductors:  22 Transistors; 21 Diodes

Power Requirements:  120 V, 60 Hz; 220 V, 50 Hz; or 110 - 120 V, 220 - 240 V, 50/60 Hz

Dimensions (W x H x D):  420 x 110 x 245 mm

Weight:  5,3 kg (11,7 lbs)


 

Technics RS-858US 8-track deck

Technics 4-Channel 8-Track Cartridge Deck

RS-858US Features:

2/4-Channel Record/Playback Cartridge Deck

4-channel record

4 VU meters

Pana-Ject/Continuous play

2/4-channel selector and indicator

Program selector

Direct read-out program indicator

Minute/second program timer

Locking fast forward

4 microphone inputs

Front/rear headphone changeover

4 separate volume controls

AC outer rotor motor

Record indicators for each channel

 


Specifications

Recording System:  AC bias and AC erase

Motor:  Electronic Speed Control Motor

Track System:  8-track; 4-channel/2-channel stereo rac and play

Tape Speed:  3-3/4 rpm

Frequency Response:  30 - 12,000 Hz

Wow and Flutter: less than 0,20%

Signal-to-Noise Ratio:  better than 45 dB

Inputs Sensitivity/Impedance:

4 Mic :  0,15mV/200-600

4 Line :  45 mV/100 k

Output Level/Impedance:

4 Line:  0,8 V/50 k

2 Headphone ;  50 mV/8

Power Requirements:  AC 90-109; 110 - 125; 200-219; 220-250 Volts, 50/60 Hz

Power Consumption:  12W

Dimensions (W x H x D):  21-1/8" x 4-3/4" x 11-1/4"

Weight:  19 3/4 lbs